Recent studies indicate that mental disorders like depression and anxiety disorders in pregnant women and up to 1 year after childbirth pose a serious concern because of their adverse effects on infant development, breastfeeding, infant nutritional status and child growth. But it is also documented that antenatal depression may be associated with miscarriage, antepartum haemorrhage, operative delivery, preterm birth and low birth weight.

Bipolar disorder has been associated with placental abnormalities and antepartum haemorrhage. Women with bipolar disorder have a high risk of alcohol and substance use disorders, which could affect the baby’s development in the womb. Psychiatric disorders in the pre-pregnancy period increase the chances of psychotic events during postpartum. Bipolar disorder in women of childbearing age is difficult to manage as the medications might be harmful for the developing foetus. Women with epilepsy have the risk of having babies with birth defects.

It is important to assess the psychosocial problems faced by women and then educational and psychosocial counseling needs to be provided both before and during pregnancy. Strengthening community networks, promoting women’s empowerment and improving access to education for women of childbearing age can help in addressing the issues.